Psychological Pitfalls

Here are some additional psychological pitfalls to avoid. Be wary of
depending on others for your success. Most of the people you are
likely to trust are probably not effective traders. For instance:
brokers, gurus, advisors, friends. There are exceptions, but not
many. Depend on others only for clerical help or to support your
own decision-making process.
You may acquire trading methods or systems from others or from
books, but be sure to test them carefully yourself before trading.
Good systems that you can buy come with computer software that
allows comprehensive historical testing.
Don't blame others for your failures. This is an easy trap to fall into.
No matter what happens, you put yourself into the situation.
Therefore, you are responsible for the ultimate result. Until you
accept responsibility for everything, you will not be able to change
your incorrect behaviors.
Stay long-term oriented. Don't adjust your approach based solely on
short-term performance. Through luck, any horrible system can look
great, even for relatively long periods of time. Conversely, the best
systems have frequent losing periods. If you judge a system by

short-term performance, you are likely to reject the best systems
that exist.
Most traders have such an ego investment in their trading that they
cannot handle losses. Several losses in a row are devastating. This
causes them to evaluate trading methods and systems based on
very-short-term performance. Don't start trading a system based on
only a few trades, and don't lose confidence in one after only a few
losses. Evaluate performance based on many trades and multi-year
results.
Don't underestimate the psychological difficulty of successful
trading. Robert Rotella describes the trauma in The Elements of
Successful Trading: "Trading is one of the most stressful endeavors
imaginable. Taking losses day after day with a strategy that, just a
short while ago was working well, can be a terrible experience.
Trading performance can be consistently volatile with good and bad
times highly magnified. The market can batter your psyche and
gnaw at your soul. These bad experiences will never end as long as
you trade. The more successful you are as a trader, the more
money you will lose."
Keep trading in correct perspective and as part of a balanced life.
Trading is emotionally intensive no matter whether you are doing
well or going in the tank. It is easy to let the emotions of the moment
lead you into strategic and tactical blunders.
Don't become too elated during successful periods. One of the
biggest mistakes traders make is to increase their trading after an
especially successful period. This is the worst thing you can do
because good periods are invariably followed by awful periods. If
you increase your trading just before the awful periods, you will lose
money twice as fast as you made it.
Knowing how to increase trading in a growing account is perhaps
the most difficult problem for successful traders. Be cautious in
adding to your trading. The best times to add are after losses or
equity drawdowns.
Don't become too depressed during drawdowns. Trading is a lot like
golf. All golfers, regardless of their ability, have cycles of good play
and poor play. When a golfer is playing well, he assumes he has
found some secret in his swing and will never play poorly again.
When he is hitting the ball sideways, he despairs that he will never
come out of his slump.

Trading is much the same. When you are making money, you are
thinking about how wonderful trading is and how to expand your
trading to achieve immense wealth. When you are losing, you often
think about giving up trading completely. With a little practice, you
can control both emotional extremes. You'll probably never control
them completely, but at least don't let elation and despair cause you
to make unwarranted changes in your approach.
Other common themes of good traders are self-understanding,
balance and self-control. If you can master yourself, you can master
the futures markets.

Elements of a Successful Trading Plan--Manage Risk

The final cardinal principle of trading overlays all the rest. It is
Manage Risk. This is as crucial as the others because it is by
managing risk that you limit losses and preserve your capital.
The most important element of managing risk is keeping losses
small, which is already part of your trading plan. Never give in to
fear or hope when it comes to keeping losses small. Preventing
large individual losses is one of the easiest things a trader can do to
maximize his chance of long-term success.
Another element of risk is the market you trade. Some markets are
more volatile and more risky than others. Some markets are
comparatively tame. If you have a small account, don't trade big-
money, wild-swinging contracts like the S&P 500 stock index. Don't
be above using the smaller-sized Mid-America contracts to keep
risk in proportion to your capital. Don't feel you have to trade any

market that might make a move. Emphasize risk control over
achieving big profits.
The biggest risks to commodity traders come from surprise events
that move the markets too quickly to exit at their pre-determined
give-up point. While you can never eliminate these risks entirely,
you can guard against them by advance planning. Pay attention to
the risk of surprise events such as crop reports, freezes, floods,
currency interventions and wars. Most of the time there is some
manifestation of the potential. Don't overtrade in markets where
these kinds of events are possible.
Trade in correct proportion to your capital. Have realistic
expectations. Don't overtrade your account. One of the most
pernicious roadblocks to success is greed. Commodity trading is
attractive precisely because it is possible to make big money in a
short period of time. Paradoxically, the more you try to fulfill that
expectation, the less likely you are to achieve anything.
The pervasive hype that permeates the industry leads people to
believe that they can achieve spectacular returns if only they try
hard enough. However, risk is always commensurate with reward.
The bigger the return you pursue, the bigger the risk you must take.
Even assuming you are using a method that gives you a statistical
edge, which almost nobody is, you must still suffer through
agonizing equity drawdowns on your way to eventual success.
It is better to shoot for smaller returns to begin with until you get the
hang of staying with your system through the tough periods that
everyone encounters. Professional money managers are generally
satisfied with consistent annual returns of twenty percent. If talented
professionals should be satisfied with that, what should you be
satisfied with? Surprisingly, disciplined individuals can do better. It is
realistic for a good mechanical system diversified in the best
markets to expect annual returns in the twenty-five to fifty percent
range.
One last thing about creating a trading plan. Don't be enticed into
trading options as a less risky alternative to futures. While the dollar
risk of buying puts and calls may appear lower and more certain, the
probability of long-term success is remote.
Experienced professional traders, such as Larry Williams, agree:
"Options are a very difficult game because you have to do two
things: You have to beat the market and beat the clock. Perhaps
some sophisticated people can trade options. I've been trading

stocks and commodities successfully for over thirty years, but I don't
trade options because it's too tough."
The best way to trade options is to sell them to small speculators.
That's what options professionals do. However, selling options has
more risk and is more difficult than trading futures. Unless you are
well-capitalized and committed to a full-time career as a
professional options player, stick to futures.
Although the commodity markets appear complex from the outside,
making money trading is quite simple. You use an historically
proven plan that trades with the trend, cuts losses short and lets
profits run. You trade your system in a carefully-selected group of
markets. You start with sufficient capital and pay close attention to
managing risk. Richard Dennis made his $200 million following
precisely this kind of trading approach.

Elements of a Successful Trading Plan--The Markets You Trade

Another trading plan consideration is the markets you trade. There
are about forty futures markets with sufficient liquidity to allow
prudent speculation. However, it is important to select a good
universe of markets that are appropriate for your account size, risk
level and trading style.
It also important that your market universe be diversified. There are
always a number of big market moves every year, but no one knows
in advance where they will be. If you trade a diversified portfolio,
there is a greater chance that you will catch some of the truly big
moves that make for successful trading.
Another consideration in choosing a market to trade is its historical
propensity to have more big trending moves. Since the trend is your
edge in trading, you can maximize your edge by selecting the most
trendy markets. The following are some of the best trending markets
in various trading sectors.
The currencies are the best trending sector. The currencies to trade
are the Swiss Franc, the German Mark, the Japanese Yen and the
British Pound.
Interest rate futures are also good trending markets. T-Bonds
represent long-term interest rates and Eurodollars are for short-term
interest rates.
In the energy complex, Crude Oil, Heating Oil and Natural Gas are
good trading vehicles.

In the food sector, Coffee, Orange Juice and Sugar are
recommended.
In metals, you can trade Gold, Silver and Copper.
In agriculturals, Corn, Oats, Soybeans and Cotton are the best.
Now you have the outline of an overall plan to trade commodities.
The key to success is to test whatever strategy you intend to apply
before you trade with it. Remember that the conventional wisdom
that you read in books is mostly ineffective. When applied
consistently, most trading methods don't work.
You can't test your plan unless it is specific. The rules must be
precise and objective. Having a thoroughly tested plan is crucial to
maintaining the confidence necessary to keep trading the plan
through the inevitable losing periods that every good system and
every good trader must endure.
The reliability of non-computerized testing is highly suspect. Using
computer software that tests a particular approach or a variety of
approaches is preferred. You must learn the correct way to test and
evaluate trading approaches.